Modern Gram Cultivation In India – The Complete Guide

In our country, the cultivation of grams has an important place among the pulse crops. It is prominent in both area and production. The most significant advantage of cultivating gram is that it does not require much irrigation. Moreover, being a part of the pulse crop, this crop fulfills the nitrogen deficiency in the field’s soil and makes the soil fertile. You know that gram is grown as a rabi crop in the north to central and south Indian states.

With time the technology increases day by day. Due to highly advanced technologies, production is rising. And now farmers can use new advanced technology for Garm cultivation and improved varieties. Due to this, gram production is increasing and also reduces the productivity gap. Apart from this, the highest quality crop of a gram is also obtained. Gram is a vital pulse crop of the Rabi season. But it is required to take care of some things in its cultivation. 

Do you want to know about gram cultivation, then check out this blog! 

Climate Requirement For Gram Cultivation

Its cultivation is done more in rainfed conditions. Gram is an autumn crop, so it is cultivated in areas with low rainfall and mild coolness. About 78% of the area under gram cultivation is spread in different parts of the country under irrigated conditions, while about 22% is cultivated in irrigated conditions. If it rains at the time of flowering, then there is a lot of damage. Due to excessive rain, there is excessive vegetative growth in the plants by which the plants fall, and the flowers and pods start getting spoiled. A high temperature is required for the germination of the gram, but cool weather is needed for the proper growth of the plants.

Even if there is a sudden high temperature at the beginning of summer, the crop still suffers, as the plants need progressively increasing higher temperatures to ripen. By the way, gram requires about 27 to 35 centigrade temperature from sowing to harvesting. However, if the monsoon rains are effectively done by the end of September or the first week of October, there is a bountiful crop of a gram in rainfed areas.

Land Suitable For Gram Cultivation

It can be cultivated on sandy, loam, and misyar land where water does not fill, then relatively good land is required for Kabuli gram. Gram cultivation is done successfully in the loam and black soil, which can hold an abundant amount of water. Keep in mind that proper management of water drainage is as important as irrigation water. The crop of the gram is good in the fields with mild slopes. For this, the PH value of soil 6 to 7.5 is suitable.

Farm Preparation

For its cultivation, first plowing is done with soil turning plow or disc harrow. After this, the ground was leveled by plowing it with a hammer. We know that farmers take maximum time and effort to make the field according to the crop. Therefore, using a tractor has been considered the most suitable means for making the farm. For land preparation, different kinds of implements are used with various tractors such as the Mahindra tractor, Sonalika tractor, Swaraj 744, and many more. 

Also, to protect the crop from termites and cutworms, 25 kg Heptachlor 4 percent or Quinalphos 1.5 percent or Methyl Parathion 2 percent or Endosulfan 1.5% should be mixed at the time of the last plowing. The soil at the rate of 25 kg per hectare.

Irrigation Management For Gram Cultivation

For gram cultivation, first irrigation should be done before flowering and second at the time of grain formation in pods. Meaning it should be about 45 or 60 days after sowing. If it rains in winter, then no second irrigation is required. Keep in mind that do not irrigate when the crop is flowering. It can cause crop damage. If you irrigate with the drip sprinkler method, then both time and water are saved. Also, there is no adverse effect on the crop. 

Harvesting And Threshing

When the cultivation of gram is well-ripened, then it should be harvested. The crop is harvested when the leaves turn yellow and brown, the leaves begin to drop, and the grains become hard. And the most suitable equipment for harvesting the crop is the thresher, using which the crop is less spoiled and higher yield is obtained. Apart from this, we need a tractor to handle it. Various tractor models are available in the Indian tractor market, such as the Mahindra tractor, Sonalika tractor, Swaraj 742 tractor, and many more. It gives better performance with equipment. When the product is completely dry, separate the grain from the straw by the thresher. After this, the crop should be dried thoroughly and kept in a safe place.

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