When you have diabetes, your body is going to have some problems. These problems include Diabetic nephropathy, foot ulcers, blindness, and even stroke. All of these problems are very bad and can happen to anyone. However, you can protect yourself against them.
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Diabetic nephropathy
Diabetic nephropathy, also known as diabetic kidney disease, is a progressive illness that causes damage to the kidneys. It is caused by diabetes, a condition that is characterized by high blood sugar levels.
People with diabetes are more at risk for developing nephropathy than those who do not have the condition. The high blood glucose level damages the glomeruli, the tiny blood vessels that filter blood and waste. A damaged nephron is not able to filter waste properly and therefore leaves excess fluid and salt in the urine. This may lead to increased blood pressure and a high risk of heart attack and stroke.
In addition, nephropathy can also lead to other kidney disorders. The nephrons become thickened and leak albumin into the urine. Symptoms of nephropathy include protein in the urine, hypertension, and kidney stones.
Treatment is focused on controlling blood pressure and reducing the amount of fluid and salt in the body. This is accomplished by modifying diet and taking medications. In addition, lifestyle changes can help maintain healthy kidneys.
Patients with diabetes can reduce their risk of developing nephropathy by quitting smoking and maintaining a low-sodium diet. They can also take statins to lower bad cholesterol levels. These drugs work by blocking the production of angiotensin II, a hormone that regulates blood pressure. They also increase good cholesterol.
Diabetic nephropathy can progress to end-stage renal disease, which requires dialysis or a kidney transplant. If a kidney transplant is not an option, a patient should try to slow the progression of the disease with intensive management of their diabetes.
Foot ulcers
In the US, diabetic foot ulcers are one of the most common complications of diabetes. They are a result of poor blood flow to the feet. While the condition is not usually life-threatening, it can lead to gangrene and amputation.
There are several ways to detect diabetes-related foot problems. A routine exam may reveal problems, and early treatment can decrease the risk of amputation.
Foot ulcers are sometimes caused by a lack of sweating, which leaves the skin exposed to infection. The best way to prevent this complication is to educate patients about how to keep their feet dry. They should also avoid wearing shoes that are tight and do not fit properly.
If a diabetic foot is damaged, the damage may cause numbness, muscle weakness, and unusual sensations in the feet. This can be difficult to notice because of the damage to the nerves.
Medications and antibiotics can treat diabetic foot ulcers. Some of the drugs used include cephalexin, doxycycline, and clindamycin. The typical outpatient treatment regimen is a combination of cephalexin and doxycycline.
For more extensive ulcers, surgery is often recommended. In addition to surgery, patients with deep foot ulcers may benefit from vascular reconstruction. Other procedures may include amputation or Symes amputation.
In addition to the medical procedure, patients may need special shoes or foot gear. Getting help from family members or friends may also be necessary.
Stroke
Diabetes causes changes in the body’s blood vessels. These changes make it difficult for the blood to flow to important areas of the body. It also makes it hard for the body to process food properly.
It is estimated that there were 415 million people with diabetes worldwide in 2015. During the next two decades, the number of patients is expected to increase to 642 million. It is believed that the increased incidence of diabetes will reverse some of the reductions in stroke rates that have been made in the past two decades.
There are several ways to lower the risk of stroke. One is to manage your glucose levels. Another is to reduce your cholesterol. If you can, you can also control your blood pressure.
A stroke is caused by a clot that blocks the blood flow to the brain. When this happens, it may damage or kill the brain cells. When this happens, you may suffer from paralysis, speech problems, vision problems, and memory loss. If you think you are having a stroke, contact your doctor immediately.
The symptoms of a stroke can be very difficult to detect. They can include dizziness, difficulty talking, difficulty walking, difficulty swallowing, and slurred speech. They can be especially severe if they occur suddenly. However, most strokes do not cause immediate complications.
Medications can help break up blood clots and may also help restore the blood flow to the brain. Surgery can also be done to increase the flow.
Kidney disease
If you have diabetes, you may be at risk for kidney disease. Fortunately, it is treatable and you can prevent it from advancing.
One way to keep your kidneys healthy is to manage your blood pressure. Several medicines can help lower your blood pressure, including ACE inhibitors and ARBs.
The kidneys filter blood through hundreds of thousands of tiny units called nephrons. Damage to the nephrons causes them to leak protein into the urine. This is a common symptom of diabetes and is not always a sign of serious disease.
It is important to talk to your doctor about your kidneys. They will perform regular blood and urine tests to measure your kidney function. If the results are not normal, your doctor will take samples to diagnose your condition.
A kidney biopsy can be performed to find out if there is any damage. If the test shows you have renal damage, your doctor will likely prescribe a medicine called an ACE inhibitor to help preserve your kidneys.
High blood glucose, or blood sugar, can harm your kidneys. It can also damage the small blood vessels in the kidneys. This can lead to kidney failure, which requires dialysis.
Other signs that you may have kidney disease include swelling in the legs. Your blood pressure may also increase. If you have diabetes, you should check with your doctor to see if you need to change your diet. You may also need to limit your salt intake.
Blindness
Diabetes affects blindness in several ways. It can cause cataracts and other eye diseases, and glaucoma. It can also damage the optic nerve. With the right care, you can prevent blindness and other complications from happening.
Diabetic retinopathy is the most common type of vision loss associated with diabetes. This condition occurs when high blood glucose damages the blood vessels of the retina, the light-sensitive layer of tissue that converts light into electrical signals for the brain. If left untreated, it can lead to complete vision loss.
The damage from diabetic retinopathy can happen to anyone. However, African-Americans, Hispanics/Latinos, and American Indians are at a higher risk. If you have diabetes, you should schedule a comprehensive eye exam at least once a year.
If you are diagnosed with diabetes, you can lower your risk of retinopathy by keeping your blood sugar in a healthy range. You can also use anti-inflammatory medication to reduce the inflammation of the eye. There are other ways to prevent the condition, such as using low-vision aids.
Another risk of diabetic retinopathy is macular edema. Macular edema is when blood vessels in the macula leak fluid, causing the lens to swell. The swelling makes the macula difficult to see. If you have macular edema, you may experience blurry vision, floaters, spots in your vision, and loss of central vision.
There are several different types of glaucoma, each causing its own set of symptoms. If left untreated, glaucoma can damage the optic nerve and cause blindness.
Long-term effects
Diabetes can cause several long-term effects on the body. For instance, it can lead to eye damage, kidney problems, and heart issues. It can also increase the risk of developing dementia.
While there are several ways to prevent diabetes, one of the best is to get your blood sugar levels under control. If you have the disease, you should be tested regularly and work with your doctor to manage your symptoms. You can also make changes to your diet and exercise regimen.
Among the long-term effects of diabetes on the body is nerve damage, which can result in pain and numbness in the hands and feet. It can also affect your eyes and mouth. It can even cause infection.
In addition, the high levels of glucose in the blood can damage the blood vessels. It can increase the risk of blood clots, making you more prone to a stroke or heart attack.
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People with diabetes are more likely to develop osteoporosis later in life. It can also cause glaucoma and cataracts. Fortunately, it is largely preventable with the help of proper diet, exercise, and medication.
High levels of glucose can also damage the kidneys. In some cases, a kidney transplant is necessary.
In other cases, diabetes can affect the immune system. It can decrease the number of white blood cells, limiting the ability of the body to fight off infections.
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